Inqubo ye-CNC

Itemu elithi CNC limele “ukulawula izinombolo zekhompuyutha,” futhi umshini we-CNC uchazwa njengenqubo yokukhiqiza ekhiphayo evamise ukusebenzisa isilawuli sekhompiyutha kanye namathuluzi omshini ukususa izendlalelo zempahla ocezwini lwesitoko (olubizwa ngokuthi olungenalutho noma ucezu lokusebenza) futhi kukhiqizwe inkambiso- ingxenye yakhelwe.

Inqubo isebenza ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa insimbi, ipulasitiki, izinkuni, ingilazi, igwebu nezinhlanganisela, futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ezifana nemishini emikhulu ye-CNC kanye nokuqedwa kwe-CNC kwezingxenye ze-aerospace.

Izici zemishini ye-CNC

01. Izinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalelayo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-clamping engenalutho, zonke ezinye izinqubo zokucubungula zingaqedelwa ngamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Uma kuhlanganiswe nokulayisha nokuthulula okuzenzakalelayo, kuyingxenye eyisisekelo yefekthri engenamuntu.

Ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC kunciphisa ukusebenza komsebenzisi, kuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza, kuqeda ukumaka, ukugoqa okuningi nokubeka indawo, ukuhlola nezinye izinqubo nemisebenzi yokusiza, futhi kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

02. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintweni zokucubungula ze-CNC. Lapho ushintsha into yokucubungula, ngaphezu kokushintsha ithuluzi nokuxazulula indlela yokuhlanganisa engenalutho, ukuhlelwa kabusha kuphela kuyadingeka ngaphandle kokunye ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okunciphisa umjikelezo wokulungiselela ukukhiqiza.

03. Ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile. Ukunemba kwe-dimensional yokucubungula kuphakathi kuka-d0.005-0.01mm, okungathintwa ubunkimbinkimbi bezingxenye, ngoba imisebenzi eminingi iqedwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngumshini. Ngakho-ke, usayizi wezingxenye zenqwaba uyandiswa, futhi amadivayisi okuthola indawo nawo asetshenziswa kumathuluzi omshini olawulwa ngokunemba. , ithuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukunemba kokunemba kwemishini ye-CNC.

04. Ukucubungula kwe-CNC kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko: okokuqala, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokucubungula, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kwekhwalithi yokucubungula kanye nokunemba kwephutha lesikhathi sokucubungula; okwesibili, ukuphindaphinda kwekhwalithi yokucubungula kungazinzisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula nokugcina ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe.

Ubuchwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC kanye nobubanzi besicelo:

Izindlela ezihlukene zokucubungula zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezinto kanye nezidingo ze-workpiece yomshini. Ukuqonda izindlela ezivamile zokuwenza kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza kwazo kungasivumela ukuthi sithole indlela yokucubungula ingxenye efaneleke kakhulu.

Ukuphenduka

Indlela yokucubungula izingxenye usebenzisa ama-lathes ngokuhlangene ibizwa ngokuthi ukujika. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuguqula okwakha, izindawo ezijikajikayo ezigobile nazo zingacutshungulwa ngesikhathi sokuphakela okuphambene. Ukuphenduka kungaphinda kucubungule izindawo ezingaphezulu, izindiza zokuqeda, ama-eccentric shafts, njll.

Ukunemba kokuphenduka kuvame ukuthi i-IT11-IT6, futhi ubulukhuni obuphezulu bungu-12.5-0.8μm. Ngesikhathi sokuguqula kahle, ingafinyelela ku-IT6-IT5, futhi ukugoqa kufinyelela ku-0.4-0.1μm. Ukukhiqizwa kokucubungula ukuguqula kuphezulu, inqubo yokusika ilula, futhi amathuluzi alula.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: izimbobo zesikhungo sokumba, ukubhola, ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha, ukuthepha, ukuphenduka kwesilinda, okuyisicefe, ubuso obuphendukayo, imisele ephendukayo, izindawo ezakhiwe eziphendukayo, izindawo eziphendukayo, ukugoqa, kanye nokujika kwentambo.

Ukugaya

Ukugaya kuyindlela yokusebenzisa ithuluzi elijikelezayo elinemiphetho eminingi (i-milling cutter) emshinini wokugaya ukucubungula ucezu lokusebenza. Ukunyakaza okuyinhloko kokusika ukujikeleza kwethuluzi. Ngokuya ngokuthi isivinini sokunyakaza esiyinhloko ngesikhathi sokugaya siyefana yini noma siphambene nendawo yokuphakelayo yendawo yokusebenza, ihlukaniswe yaba ukugaya phansi nokukhuphuka komqansa.

(1) Ukugaya phansi

Ingxenye evundlile yamandla okugaya iyafana nokuqondisa okuphakelayo kwendawo yokusebenza. Ngokuvamile kuba negebe phakathi kwesikulufu sokuphakelayo sethebula lesiqephu sokusebenza namantongomane angashintshi. Ngakho-ke, amandla okusika angabangela kalula ukuthi i-workpiece kanye ne-worktable iqhubekele phambili ndawonye, ​​​​okubangela ukuthi izinga lokuphakelayo likhuphuke ngokuzumayo. Khulisa, ubangele imimese.

(2) Ukugaya ikhawunta

Ingagwema ukunyakaza okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugaya. Ngesikhathi sokugaya, ubukhulu bokusika bukhuphuka kancane kancane busuka ku-zero, ngakho-ke umkhawulo wokusika uqala ukuzwa isigaba sokuminyanisa nokushelela endaweni ewumshini oqinile, okusheshisa ukugqoka kwamathuluzi.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: Ukugaya indiza, ukugaya isinyathelo, ukugaya i-groove, ukwakha i-surface milling, i-spiral groove milling, ukugaya igiya, ukusika

Ukuhlela

Ukucutshungulwa kokuhlela ngokuvamile kubhekisela endleleni yokucubungula esebenzisa iplanethi ukwenza ukunyakaza komugqa okuphindaphindayo okuhlobene nomsebenzi kuplanethi ukuze kukhishwe izinto ezidingekayo.

Ukunemba kokuhlela ngokuvamile kungafinyelela ku-IT8-IT7, ukuhwaqeka kwendawo kungu-Ra6.3-1.6μm, ukuhleleka kwepulani kungafinyelela ku-0.02/1000, futhi ukuhwaqeka kwangaphezulu kungu-0.8-0.4μm, okuphakeme kakhulu ekucubungulweni kokusakazwa okukhulu.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: ukuhlelela indawo eyisicaba, ukuhlelela indawo eqondile, indawo yezinyathelo zokuhlela, imisele ye-engeli yesokudla, ama-bevel ahlelayo, ama-dovetail grooves, ukuhlela imisele emise okuka-D, ukuhlela imifantu emise okwe-V, ukuhlela izindawo ezigobile, ukuhlela okhiye emigodini, planing racks, planing surface esiyinhlanganisela

Ukugaya

Ukugaya kuyindlela yokusika indawo yokusebenza emshinini wokugaya usebenzisa isondo lokwenziwa eliqinile (isondo lokugaya) njengethuluzi. Ukunyakaza okuyinhloko ukujikeleza kwesondo lokugaya.

Ukunemba kokugaya kungafinyelela ku-IT6-IT4, futhi ubulukhuni bendawo i-Ra bungafinyelela ku-1.25-0.01μm, noma ngisho no-0.1-0.008μm. Esinye isici sokugaya ukuthi singakwazi ukucubungula izinto zensimbi eziqinile, eziyingxenye yobubanzi bokuqeda, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokugcina sokucubungula. Ngokwemisebenzi ehlukene, ukugaya kungabuye kuhlukaniswe ukugaya i-cylindrical, ukugaya imbobo yangaphakathi, ukugaya flat, njll.

Ububanzi bokufaka isicelo: ukugaya okuyi-cylindrical, ukugaya kwangaphakathi kwe-cylindrical, ukugaya ngaphezulu, ukugaya ifomu, ukugaya intambo, ukugaya igiya

Ukubhoboza

Inqubo yokucubungula izimbobo ezihlukahlukene zangaphakathi emshinini wokubhoboza ibizwa ngokuthi ukubhoboza futhi kuyindlela evamile yokucubungula imigodi.

Ukunemba kokubhoboza kuphansi, ngokuvamile i-IT12~IT11, futhi ubulukhuni bangaphandle ngokuvamile bungu-Ra5.0~6.3um. Ngemuva kokubhoboza, ukukhulisa nokuvuselela kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda nokuqeda. Ukunemba kokucutshungulwa kabusha ngokuvamile kuyi-IT9-IT6, futhi ubulukhuni bobuso bungu-Ra1.6-0.4μm.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: ukubhoboza, ukulungisa kabusha, ukulungisa kabusha, ukuthepha, izimbobo ze-strontium, izindawo zokuklwebha

Ukucubungula okuyisicefe

Ukucubungula okuyisicefe kuyindlela yokucubungula esebenzisa umshini oyisicefe ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi bezimbobo ezikhona futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi. Ukucubungula okuyisicefe kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekuhambeni kokujikeleza kwethuluzi eliyisicefe.

Ukunemba kokucutshungulwa okuyisicefe kuphezulu, ngokuvamile i-IT9-IT7, futhi ukuhwaqeka kwendawo kuyi-Ra6.3-0.8mm, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kokucubungula okuyisicefe kuphansi.

Ububanzi besicelo: ukucubungula imbobo enembayo ephezulu, ukuqedwa kwemigodi eminingi

Ukucutshungulwa kwendawo yezinyo

Izindlela zokucubungula izinyo legiya zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: indlela yokwenza kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza.

Ithuluzi lomshini elisetshenziselwa ukucubungula indawo yezinyo ngendlela yokubumba ngokuvamile liwumshini wokugaya ojwayelekile, futhi ithuluzi liwumshini wokusika umshini, odinga ukunyakaza okubili kokubumba okulula: ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kanye nokunyakaza okuqondile kwethuluzi. Amathuluzi omshini asetshenziswa kakhulu okucubungula izindawo zamazinyo ngendlela yokukhiqiza imishini yokudonsa amagiya, imishini yokubumba amagiya, njll.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: amagiya, njll.

Ukucubungula kwendawo eyinkimbinkimbi

Ukusikwa kwezindawo ezigobile ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa izindlela zokugaya zekhophi nezindlela zokugaya ze-CNC noma izindlela ezikhethekile zokucubungula.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: izingxenye ezinezindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi

I-EDM

Imishini yokukhipha ugesi isebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhiqizwe ukukhishwa kwenhlansi ngokushesha phakathi kwe-electrode yethuluzi kanye ne-electrode yesiqeshana sokusebenza ukuze kucekelwe phansi impahla engaphezulu yesiqeshana sokusebenza ukuze kufezwe umshini.

Ububanzi besicelo:

① Ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziqinile, eziphukayo, eziqinile, ezithambile nezincibilika kakhulu;

②Ukucubungula okokusebenza kwe-semiconductor nezinto ezingezona e-conductive;

③Ukucubungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbobo, izimbobo ezigobile kanye nezimbobo ezincane;

④Icubungula imigodi engaphezulu enezinhlangothi ezintathu egobile, njengamagumbi okubunjwa okubunjwa okubunjiwe, isikhunta esibulalayo, kanye nezibungu zepulasitiki;

⑤ Isetshenziselwa ukusika, ukusika, ukuqinisa indawo, ukuqopha, ukuphrinta ama-nameplates nokumaka, njll.

Imishini ye-Electrochemical

I-electrochemical machining yindlela esebenzisa isimiso se-electrochemical sokuhlakazwa kwe-anodic yensimbi ku-electrolyte ukuze ilolonge ucezu lokusebenza.

I-workpiece ixhunywe esigxotsheni esihle sikagesi we-DC, ithuluzi lixhunywe esigxotsheni esibi, futhi igebe elincane (0.1mm~0.8mm) liyagcinwa phakathi kwezigxobo ezimbili. I-electrolyte enengcindezi ethile (0.5MPa~2.5MPa) igeleza phakathi kwegebe phakathi kwezigxobo ezimbili ngesivinini esikhulu (15m/s~60m/s).

Ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza: izimbobo zokucubungula, izimbotshana, amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi, izimbobo ezincane ezinobubanzi obujulile, ukudubula, ukukhipha, ukuqoshwa, njll.

laser processing

Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser ye-workpiece kuqedwa ngomshini wokucubungula i-laser. Imishini yokucubungula i-laser ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-lasers, izinsiza zamandla, amasistimu okubona kanye nezinhlelo zemishini.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: Umdwebo wezintambo zedayimane uyafa, amabhere ayigugu ewashi, izikhumba ezinezimbobo zamashidi ahlukene apholile apholile, ukucubungula imbobo encane yama-injection enjini, ama-aero-engine blades, njll., nokusikwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zensimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi.

Ukucubungula kwe-Ultrasonic

I-Ultrasonic machining iyindlela esebenzisa i-ultrasonic frequency (16KHz ~ 25KHz) ukudlidliza kobuso bokuphela kwethuluzi ukuze kuthinte ama-abrasive amisiwe oketshezini olusebenzayo, futhi izinhlayiya ezilumayo zithinta futhi zipholishe indawo yokusebenza ukuze kucutshungulwe ucezu lokusebenza.

Ububanzi bokusebenza: izinto okunzima ukuzisika

Izimboni eziyinhloko zezicelo

Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ezicutshungulwa yi-CNC zinokunemba okuphezulu, ngakho izingxenye ezicutshungulwayo ze-CNC zisetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zimboni ezilandelayo:

I-Aerospace

I-Aerospace idinga izinto ezinembayo neziphindaphindekayo, okuhlanganisa ama-turbine blades ezinjinini, amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukwenza ezinye izingxenye, ngisho namakamelo avuthayo asetshenziswa ezinjinini zamarokhethi.

Ukwakhiwa kwezimoto nomshini

Imboni yezimoto idinga ukwakhiwa kwesikhunta esinembayo esiphezulu sezingxenye zokusakaza (ezifana nezigaxa zenjini) noma ukwenza izingxenye ezibekezelela kakhulu (njengamapiston). Umshini wohlobo lwe-gantry uphonsa amamojula obumba asetshenziswa esigabeni sokuklama imoto.

Imboni yezempi

Imboni yezempi isebenzisa izingxenye ezinembayo eziphezulu ezinezidingo eziqinile zokubekezelelana, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zemicibisholo, imiphongolo yezibhamu, njll. Zonke izingxenye ezinomshini embonini yezempi ziyazuza ngokunemba nesivinini semishini ye-CNC.

ezokwelapha

Imishini yezokwelapha efakelwayo ivame ukuklanywa ukuthi ilingane nokuma kwezitho zomuntu futhi kufanele yenziwe ngama-alloys athuthukile. Njengoba ingekho imishini yezandla ekwazi ukukhiqiza izimo ezinjalo, imishini ye-CNC iba yisidingo.

amandla

Imboni yamandla ihlanganisa yonke imikhakha yobunjiniyela, kusukela kumaturbine omusi kuya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nokuhlanganisa inuzi. Ama-turbines omoya adinga ama-blade e-turbine anembe kakhulu ukuze agcine ibhalansi ku-turbine. Ukuma komgodi wokucindezelwa kwe-plasma ye-R&D ekuhlanganisweni kwenuzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, eyenziwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe, futhi kudinga ukusekelwa kwemishini ye-CNC.

Ukucutshungulwa kwemishini kuye kwathuthukiswa kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi kulandela ukuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zemakethe, kutholwe amasu ahlukahlukene okucubungula. Uma ukhetha inqubo yokwenza imishini, ungacabangela izici eziningi: okufaka phakathi ukuma okungaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza, ukunemba kwe-dimensional, ukunemba kwesikhundla, ubulukhuni bobuso, njll.

Ngokukhetha inqubo efanelekile kuphela lapho singaqinisekisa khona ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kocwecwe lokusebenza ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, futhi sandise izinzuzo ezikhiqizwayo.