Inqubo yokukhiqiza amagiya

Sisanda kwenza inqwaba yeamagiya angajwayelekile, esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wemishini ezishintshayo, ingabe uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zethu zokukhiqiza amagiya? Ake ngikutshele

Inqubo yokukhiqiza amagiya ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlela ukuklama:

• Nquma amapharamitha: ngokwezidingo ezithile zegiya kanye nendawo yokusebenza, nquma isilinganiso sokudluliswa kwegiya, inani lamazinyo, imodulus, ububanzi bendilinga yenkomba, ububanzi bezinyo neminye imingcele. Ukubalwa kwalawa mapharamitha kudinga ukususelwa kumgomo wokudluliswa komshini kanye namafomula okuklama ahlobene, njengokunquma isilinganiso sokudlulisela ngochungechunge lokuhambisa olunyakazayo, ukubala amandla ajikelezayo emazinyweni egiya ngokuya ngetorque ephikweni, bese kubalwa imodulus yegiya kanye nobubanzi besiyingi sesiyingi sokukhathala kwamandla egiya lokukhathala ngamandla okugoba amazinyo.

• Ukukhethwa kwempahla: Ukukhethwa kwempahla yegiya kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nempilo yesevisi yegiya. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zamagiya ajwayelekile yinsimbi ye-carbon steel (efana nensimbi engu-45), insimbi ye-carbon alloy ephansi nemaphakathi (efana no-20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi, njll.), kumagiya abalulekile anezidingo eziphakeme, kungakhethwa insimbi engu-38CrMoAlA nitride, namagiya angewona asebenzisa amandla nawo angenziwa ngensimbi esakazwayo, ipulangwe nezinye izinto zokwakha.

2. Ukulungiselela okungenalutho:

• I-Forging: Uma amagiya edinga amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nomthelela, izikhala zokubumba ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa. Ukuqamba kungathuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi kwezinto zensimbi, kukwenze kuminyene, futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini yegiya. Okungenalutho ngemva kokubumba kudinga ukuphathwa nge-isothermal normalizing ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi eyinsalela ebangelwa ukufoja nokumahhadlazwa, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezinto futhi kuthuthukiswe izici zomshini ezibanzi.

• Ukusakaza: Kumagiya amakhulu anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-400-600mm, izikhala zivame ukufakwa. I-Casting ingakhiqiza amagiya anomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi kwegiya elikhonjisiwe kungase kube nokukhubazeka okufana ne-porosity ne-porosity, edinga ukwelashwa okulandelanayo kokushisa nokucutshungulwa kwemishini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo.

• Ezinye izindlela: Kumagiya anosayizi omncane nokuma okuyinkimbinkimbi, izinqubo ezintsha ezifana nokunemba kokusanhlamvu, ukucindezela ukucindezela, ukufoja okunembayo, i-powder metallurgy, ukugingqika okushisayo kanye nokukhipha okubandayo kungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-tooth billet enamazinyo egiya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi nokonga izinto zokusetshenziswa.

3. Ukucutshungulwa kwemishini:

• Ukucubungula amazinyo angenalutho:

• Ukugoqa: ukuphenduka okumahhadlahhadla, ukugaya kanye nokunye ukucutshungulwa kwezinyo kungenalutho ukuze kukhishwe ingxenye enkulu yomkhawulo, kushiye u-0.5-1mm wokucubungula umkhawulo ukuze aqedelwe ngokulandelayo. Lapho ugoqa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokuqina kwendawo yezinyo elingenalutho kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama.

• Semi-finishing: i-semi-finishing turning, i-semi-finishing milling nokunye ukucutshungulwa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezinyo elingenalutho, ukulungiselela ukucutshungulwa komumo wezinyo. Ngesikhathi sokuqeda kancane, kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula ukufana kwesibonelelo sokucubungula ukuze kugwenywe imali eningi noma encane kakhulu.

• Ukuqeda: Ukuguqula kahle, ukugaya kahle, ukugaya kanye nokunye ukucutshungulwa kwezinyo elingenalutho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukunemba kobukhulu, ukunemba komumo kanye nokuqina kwendawo yezinyo elingenalutho kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama. Lapho uqeda, kufanele kukhethwe ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokucubungula kanye nethuluzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula.

• Ukucutshungulwa komumo wamazinyo:

• Amazinyo okugaya: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-disk modulus milling cutter noma i-finger milling cutter amazinyo okugaya, kuyingxenye yokwakheka. Umumo wesigaba sezinyo lokusika uhambisana nokuma kwamazinyo egiya, futhi amazinyo okugaya angacubungula amagiya anomumo ohlukahlukene, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nokunemba kokucubungula kuphansi, okufanele ucezu olulodwa ukukhiqizwa noma ukulungiswa kwenqwaba.

• I-Hobbing: Kungokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi umgomo wokusebenza ulingana nokuxhunywa kwepheya lamagiya e-helical. I-Gear hob prototype iyigiya elivunguzayo eline-Angle enkulu evunguzayo, ngoba inani lamazinyo lincane kakhulu (imvamisa inani lamazinyo), amazinyo made kakhulu, azungeze umphini ukuze enze isibungu esine-Angle encane evunguzayo, bese kuthi nge-slot kanye namazinyo, ibe i-hob ene-edge yokusika kanye ne-Angle yangemuva. I-Gear hobbing ilungele zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi, ukucubungula igiya le-cylindrical langaphandle lekhwalithi ephakathi kanye negiya lezikelemu.

• I-Gear shaper: Futhi iwuhlobo lokuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokucubungula. Lapho kusetshenziswa i-gear shaper, i-gear shaper cutter kanye nendawo yokusebenza kuyalingana nokuxhunywa kwepheya lamagiya angama-cylindrical. Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwesimo segiya wukunyakaza okuyinhloko kwesimo segiya, futhi ukunyakaza okuyisiyingi okwenziwa i-shape yegiya kanye nendawo yokusebenza ngokwengxenye ethile ukunyakaza okuphakelayo kwe-sheer yegiya. I-Gear shaper ilungele zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi, ukucubungula amagiya angama-cylindrical angaphakathi nangaphandle asezingeni eliphakathi, amagiya ahlanganisa izinto eziningi kanye nerack encane.

Ukushefa: Ukushefa kuyindlela yokuqeda evame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaqinile zamazinyo lapho kukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Umgomo osebenzayo uwukusebenzisa i-cutter yokushefa kanye negiya elizocutshungulwa ukuze kube nokunyakaza kwamahhala kwe-meshing, ngosizo lokushelela okuhlobene phakathi kwakho kokubili, ukushefa ama-chips amahle kakhulu endaweni yezinyo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwendawo yezinyo. Amazinyo okushefa nawo angakha amazinyo esigubhu ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo lapho kuthintana khona nezinyo.

Ukugaya amagiya: kuyindlela yokuqeda iphrofayili yezinyo, ikakhulukazi amagiya aqinile, ngokuvamile okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqeda. Ukugaya amagiya kungase kube ukugaya ngesondo lokugaya izikelemu, futhi kungaba ukugaya ngesondo lokugaya le-conical noma isondo lokugaya i-disc. Ukunemba komshini wokugaya amagiya kuphezulu, inani lokuma okungaphezulu lincane, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi, kubiza kakhulu.

4. Ukwelashwa kokushisa:

• Ukwelashwa kokushisa okungenalutho: Hlela ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa ngaphambi nangemuva kokucutshungulwa okungenalutho kwezinyo, njengokujwayelekile noma ukuthambisa, inhloso eyinhloko ukuqeda ukucindezeleka okusalela okubangelwa ukufosheka nokugoqa, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwento kanye nokuthuthukisa izici zemishini ezibanzi.

• Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwendawo yezinyo: Ngemva kokucubungula ukuma kwezinyo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqoka kwendawo yezinyo, ukuqina kwe-carburizing, ukuqina kwe-high-frequency induction heat harding, i-carbonitriding kanye nezinqubo zokushisa ze-nitriding zivame ukuqhutshwa.

5. Ukucutshungulwa kokuphela kwezinyo: ukuphela kwezinyo kwegiya kucutshungulwa ngokuzungezisa, uku-chamfering, i-chamfering kanye ne-deburring. Ukucutshungulwa kwamazinyo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokucisha igiya, ngokuvamile ngemva kokugoqa (ukuhumusha) amazinyo, ngaphambi kokushefa okuhleliwe kokugcina izinyo.

6. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: imingcele ehlukahlukene yegiya ihlolwe, njengokuma kwezinyo, i-tooth pitch, isiqondiso sezinyo, ubukhulu bezinyo, ubude obujwayelekile obujwayelekile, ukuphuma, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yegiya ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama. Izindlela zokuhlonza zihlanganisa ukulinganisa okwenziwa ngesandla ngamathuluzi okulinganisa kanye nokulinganisa okunembayo ngamathuluzi okulinganisa amagiya.